KARACHI: Despite the fact that the government officially banned the use of polythene bags in early 2006, the law is still not being properly implemented.
The former Director-General of the Environment Protection Department (EPD), Dr Iqbal Saeed Khan says the ban was imposed under him and there had been strict monitoring, but only for a few months. In July 2006, after businesses and manufacturing companies began objecting to the law the Govt ceased its implementation.
Some small-scale businesses are still using black polythene bags, termed the worst of all by the health examiners. Other bags are also discouraged by the government for various reasons, especially those that are under the official limit of 30 microns. The problem with polythene bags is that they comprise non-biodegradable substances because of which, they cannot be recycled. They are used by the majority of the businesses in Karachi as packing materials, and despite the fact that they are cheap as well as light they are hazardous in more than one way.
As a result, they can act as breeding places for many types of germs. In Karachi, this is a common problem. Many bags simply collect in gutters and damp places, where bacteria and germs develop. Also, the fact that they are very light makes it very easy for them to be blown around leading to the littering of the environment.
Over time, it has been proven that polythene bags are environmentally unfriendly because of the time taken for their decomposition. As a result of this they cause further problems such as blocking water penetration into the soil, which in turn affects food growth and development, along with other problems such as creating blockage in pipelines. Blockage of pipes can eventually lead to the spread of epidemics and diseases such as cholera, gastro-enteritis, and other waterborne diseases. Since polythene bags are cheap, the majority of people can afford them. They are therefore, widely used as packing bags in the country with the biggest percentage of users in the urban areas. Besides this they are easy to carry and are portable.
According to Pirzada, who is the Director General of the monitoring cell in the EPD, the problem of the polythene bags is more regarding the size rather than the weight. He says that the weight does not matter much; it is in fact the size that results in being hazardous to the environment. “People don’t understand that when you burn these bags, the gases emanated are highly dangerous to human health,” he says.
Ahmed Saeed of the IUCN, who is responsible for the Ecosystem and Livelihoods group, explains that the contradiction lies in setting the control methods. He says that although IUCN has worked with the government, since 1994, the present Governor of Sindh again stressed upon this law, in 2005. The black bags were the ones, which were banned first, and this was successful, but the other polythene bags could not be banned because they had a high utility. People did not replace polythene with anything else, because in some cases, there was no better alternate for a polythene bag.
But Saeed says by simply banning the bags it will be proved that the government is unable to manage the issue properly. The solution lies, he says, in banning the smaller bags, but keeping the larger ones, because they can still be utilised, and also by stressing on the solid waste management system. The EPD really has no proper benchmark to measure the official weight and size of any bag. From which end the govt will control the situation is yet undecided and vague. Will it be the producers, too many of whom are unregistered and difficult to trace, or will it be the wholesalers?